Our next American to be considered
for canonization is SERVANT of GOD JUANA ADELAIDA O’SULLIVAN y ROULEY,
known as Mother María Adelaide of Saint Teresa. She was a Catholic nun
born in New York in 1817.
Her life was spent in numerous countries on the American continent. She entered
the Carmel of Guatemala , where she
was elected prioress in 1868.
Following the Liberal Reform of 1871 in
the country, the Carmelites were expelled from their convent. They then lived a
long pilgrimage until they reached Grajal de Campos where she founded her convent , in honor
of Jesus Crucified . She is also known by the
name of the "Passionaria of New York", due to her life and
spirituality.

Juana
Adeilaida was born in 1817 to Juan Tomás O'Sullivan and María Rouley. Her father was
of Irish origin, Catholic and
belonging to the nobility. Juana Adelaida's grandfather, Herberto, had roots in
his ancestry in Count Reare O'Sullivan ,
who was expelled from the County of Rautry ( Ireland )
and, along with other nobles, found refuge in Spain and the United
States .
Juan
Tomás, born in the American continent, began a diplomatic career,
becoming Consul General of the United States in Barbary and
the Canary Islands. Juana Adelaida's mother, María
Rouley, belonged to the family of Lord Chesterfield , Anglicans ,
specifically members of the High Church.
Both married in Gibraltar and from them were born William, John, Mary,
Juana Adelaida, Thomas and Herbert. Given the family's religious situation, all
the children were baptized in the Anglican Church.
However,
in 1821, Juana Adelaide converted to Catholicism following a visit by Monsignor
Benjamin Jennivert, a Catholic bishop ,
to the family home. (Amazing for a child of four years of age). In 1824, Juan Tomás died in a boating accident and
Juana Adelaide's brother, Juana Adelaide, took the main position in the family.
There is no information nor is there any mention of William, who would be the
eldest brother, who would have already died by that time. Following the
death of her father, Juana Adelaide began to experience greater religious
harassment in her home, closely watched by her brother Juan and her mother
María. Both followed the girl to find out how many times she went to the
Catholic church (although to avoid family surveillance she took advantage of
the errands she ran for the house).
In
1830 she received her first communion from George Jennivert, brother of the
bishop who had baptized her and, at that time, her spiritual director. He gave her a crucifix , which would help her develop a great devotion to
Jesus Crucified. In 1835, the family moved from New York to Washington.
It was there that her sister María married the poet Sanagtree (I could find no information on him- perhaps a misspelling), with whom she had a
daughter. Through the influence of Juana Adelaida, both her sister and her
brother-in-law converted to Catholicism.
Juana
Adelaida resisted all attempts by her family to be married off. She had briefly attended the college of the
Visitation in Georgetown and would enter the Community in 1839 . She began to read the works of SaintTeresa of Avila and over
time began to develop the idea of being a Discalced Carmelite. There was only
one Carmelite convent, in Baltimore, so in the end, she opted for the transfer to the Carmel of Havana, Cuba, which favorably
accepted her.
Due to the climate
and the severe penances , Juana Adelaida's health gradually weakened and
a few months after arriving she suffered from the dreaded yellow fever . Her biggest problem came when the Government
denied permanent residence, which had been requested by Fray Cirilo de la
Alameda. This was added to the fact that Adelaida observed how the
Carmelite rigor that the Rule demanded rough serge clothing and
certain aspects of bedding and housing had softened depending on the climate.
Considering both situations, Jorge Viteri , Bishop of San Salvador, requested Pope Gregory XVI 's permission for the young nun to move to Guatemala where there were Discalced Carmelite nuns also
with solemn vows. This was granted and she
was accepted by the Community of nuns, who affectionately called her "the
little Englishwoman”.
Among
the duties she had to perform in the convent were cook, organist, turner (once she learned to speak Spanish and as a means
of improving her language skills), and secretary to the Mother Prioress. Later,
in 1858, elections were held for the Prioress, and after Mother Ana María de
los Dolores was elected, Juana Adelaida was appointed Novice Mistress.
Ten years later, the offices of the Carmelite
nuns of Guatemala were renewed, and Mother Adelaida was unanimously elected
Prioress. In 1871, she completed her term as Prioress and was re-elected,
remaining so until her death, both in America and Spain, amid revolutions,
pilgrimages, exiles, travels, construction projects, and the founding of her
last convent.
In February 1874, a revolution in the country,
with the resulting confiscation of church property and expulsion from their
convents, led the Guatemalan Carmelite nuns to travel to Spain, settling in
Grajal de Campos (León), providentially welcomed by the Bishop of León. After
returning from Guatemala to Cuba, and from Havana to New York, they retraced
their steps as if on a true journey. When they were about to found a monastery
in Toronto, Canada, they received a letter from the Spanish Bishop of León.(Photo of monastery in Leon)
Monsignor Saturnino Fernández de Castro, Bishop of León since
1875 and later Archbishop of Burgos since 1883, received a very moving letter
one day in 1880 from a niece, the wife of a vice-consul in a North American
city. In that letter, the niece told him the story of some Discalced Carmelite
nuns who had been expelled from their convent. No sooner said than done. From
New York, Mother Adelaida de Santa Teresa and her ten nuns arrived in Cádiz
by boat. On June 11, 1881, they arrived in Madrid. On December 18, 1882, she
founded the Monastery of Grajal, where she died in the odor of sanctity on
April 15, 1893, after years of exhaustive dedication to her new and last
foundation. She was 75 years old, 50 years of religious profession, 19 years
since her expulsion from Guatemala and ten years since the founding of the
latter.
"The Passionate Virgin of New York,"
Founder of the Carmel of Grajal de Campos (León),
by Father Florencio del Niño Jesús, 303 pages
(Seville, 1982).