Another Ukrainian artist, who has had a great influence on the younger generation, is the early modernist painter, FEDIR KRYCHEVSKY. He was born in 1879 in Lebedyn,
in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian
Empire, to the family of a Jewish country doctor
who converted to Orthodox Christianity and married a Ukrainian woman.
He
graduated from the Moscow School
of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1901 and the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts in
1910. He traveled in Western Europe for a year, and studied
briefly with Gustav Klimt in Vienna. He moved to Kyiv, where he served as
professor and director at the Kyiv
Art School
from 1914 to 1918.
In 1917, he
was one of the founders and a rector (from
1920 to 1922) of the Ukrainian State Academy of Arts.
When the academy was abolished, he worked as a professor at the Kyiv State Art
Institute, eventually becoming its rector. He remained in Kyiv at the onset of
the Second World War, and kept his position at the
institute, trying to save it in difficult conditions during the German
occupation of Kyiv.
He served
as the chairman of the Union of Ukrainian Artists that tried to improve the
conditions of artists during the occupation. He was extremely popular among the
artist-colleagues, faculty at the institute and the students, and no one
betrayed his Jewish origins to the German authorities, saving him from the Babi Yar massacre.
He moved to Königsberg in
the summer of 1943, to join his brother Vasyl,
a graphic designer. He attempted to flee west to escape the advancing Soviet troops,
but the train in which he was traveling was overtaken.
Fedir was arrested by
the NKVD as
a collaborator, but his interrogations elicited nothing that could incriminate
him, so he was stripped of all his titles and honors and sent to exile to the village
of Irpin near
Kyiv where he died of starvation during the famine in 1947, despite the food
help that was receiving from his student Tetyana
Yablonska.
Twelve
years after his death Fedir was rehabilitated. In 1959 the first
exhibition of his works was held in Kyiv, and information about his work began
to be published.
In total,
he produced close to a thousand works, including narrative compositions, portraits, landscapes, drawings.
His early work remains the most valuable and appreciated part of his oeuvre. It
was formed under the influence of Gustav Klimt and Ferdinand
Hodler and combined Secessionist aesthetic
principles with folk and Icon sensibilities. His later work, although solid
in execution, suffered from ideological constraints of Socialist
Realism.
For 30
years, Fedir was one of the leading figures in Ukrainian art. In 1911
and 1913 he organized the first strictly Ukrainian art exhibitions. Beginning
in 1897, his work was exhibited at over 34 shows in and outside Ukraine. He was
also a successful teacher, whose students included many famous Ukrainian
artists.
Fedir's
triptych "Life" remains one of the iconic examples of Ukrainian
modernism. (Painting to left part of this work). The work combines the elements Art Nouveau and
Ukrainian Religious paintings. Each painting contains respectively eternal
themes of life — love, achievement and loss. Fedir's modern touch to the
pictures, like planar-linear rhythm and harmony of colors, enriched the
paintings' classical interpretation.
He had many students throughout his long career, notably Boris Kriukow and Tetyana
Yablonska (See Blog April 2022).
There is a
street in Kyiv named in his honor.
Art: Top- Self Portrait
Botttom
left- Part of "Life" triptych
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