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William Hart McNichols |
SERVANT of GOD RUTILIO GRANDE GARCIA,
SJ, was a Jesuit priest in El Salvador.
He was assassinated in 1977, along with two other Salvadorans. Father Rutilio
Grande was the first priest assassinated before the civil war started. He was a
close friend of Bl. Archbishop
Óscar Romero. After his death, the Archbishop changed his
conservative attitude toward the government and urged the government to
investigate the murder.
Rutilio
Grande was born in 1928, the youngest of
six children, to a poor family in El
Paisnal, El Salvador.
His parents divorced when he was young and he was raised by his older brother
and grandmother, a devout and strong Catholic woman. At the age of 12 Rutilio
was noticed by Archbishop Luis Chavez y Gonzalez during his annual visit to
their village and was invited to attend the high school seminary in San Salvador, the capital
of the country.
At the age
of 17, following the final year of high school seminary (minor seminary),
Grande entered the Jesuit process of formation called the novitiate. Thus began
a period of time outside of El
Salvador. Grande first traveled to Caracas, Venezuela,
since there was no Jesuit novitiate in Central America.
Initially, Rutilio
felt called to the missions of the Church in Asia.
After two years in Caracas, he pronounced his
vows and then traveled to Quito,
Ecuador to
study the humanities, which he completed in 1950. The following three years
were spent as a professor in a minor seminary in El
Salvador where he taught sacred history, history of the Americas, the history of El Salvador,
and writing.
Rutilio was trained at the seminary of
San José de la Montaña, where he became friends with Oscar Romero, a fellow
student. Grande was ordained a priest in 1959, and went on to study abroad,
mainly in Spain.
He returned to El Salvador
in 1965 and was appointed director of social action projects at the seminary in San Salvador,
a position he held for nine years. From 1965 to 1970 he was also prefect of
discipline and professor of pastoral theology in the diocesan seminary. Father
Rutilio was master of ceremonies at Father
Romero’s installation as bishop of Santiago de María in 1975.
Father Grande
returned to Spain in 1962 to
complete studies left undone due to his physical and mental struggles and in
1963 he finished a course of studies on Vatican II and the new directions in
pastoral ministry at the Lumen Vitae Institute in Brussels, Belgium.
He was particularly influenced by his experiences of an inclusive liturgy which
insisted upon the widest and deepest lay participation possible at that time.
He served
as prefect of theology from 1965 to 1966 in the major seminary. There he taught
a variety of subject including liturgy, catechesis, pastoral theology, and
introduction to the mystery of Christ (philosophy). He also fully utilized the
social sciences in an effort to understand the reality within which he lived
and ministered.
During this time, Father Rutilio initiated a process of formation for
seminarians which included pastoral “immersions” in the communities they would
someday serve. This included time with people listening to their problems and
their reality. He said, “the first contact with the people was to be
characterized by a human encounter; to try to enter into their reality in order
to leave with a common reality.”
This
innovative aspect of formation lasted for a year or two, and then the Bishops
asked that seminarians be sent back to their dioceses during their breaks so
they could be supervised and relationships with the Bishop could be better
established. Father Rutiloio Grande eventually had a falling out with the leadership of the
seminary over his methods for formation and evangelization. He disagreed with
the insistence that seminarians separate their intellectual formation from
their pastoral formation. Grande wanted equilibrium between prayer, study and
apostolic activity, and this equilibrium was not accepted by the traditional Church of El Salvador.
While deeply
engaged in the lives of the people he served, he led with the Gospel but did
not shy away from speaking on social and political issues, which had profound
consequences for the Church. Father Rutilio could be credited with promoting a
“pastoral” liberation ministry that began in scripture and allowed lay people
in El Salvador
to work for social transformation without resorting to Marxism.
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All over El Salvador one finds these murals |
Father
Grande challenged the government in its response to actions he saw as attempts
to harass and silence Salvadoran priests.
He was
prophetic on issues of land reform, the relationship of rich and poor,
liturgical inclusiveness, workers’ rights and making the Catholic faith real
for very poor people. He was fond of saying that “the Gospel must grow little
feet” if Christ is not to remain in the clouds. He was a friend and confidant of Bl. Oscar Romero whom he inspired through his
ministry, and the ultimate sacrifice he made. On March 12, 1977 Father Rutilio Grande was assassinated by the
security forces of El
Salvador, just outside the village he was
born in, suffering martyrdom for the people he served and loved.
Immediately,
the news of these murders was transmitted to Archbishop Oscar A. Romero as well
as to the Provincial of the Jesuits, who also resided in the capital. Three
Jesuits from the Provincial office, Archbishop Romero, and his auxiliary Bishop
Rivera y Damas all travelled to El Paisnal. At 7:00 PM President Arturo Molina
called the Archbishop to offer his condolences and promise a thorough
investigation.
With Archbishop Romero
At 10:30 PM
that same evening, Archbishop Romero presided over the Mass, which lasted until
midnight. The next morning, responding to a radio announcement by the
Archbishop, streams of peasants began walking into El Paisnal for a 9:oo AM
Memorial Mass.
They came from near and far to mourn the death of their beloved priest and his
friends. During the final funeral procession, one that would ultimately inter
these bodies in the floor of the church in El Paisnal directly in front of the
altar, the slogan could be heard: “Rutilio’s walk with El Paisnal is like
Christ’s journey with the cross.
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Mass with Archbishop Romero |
The
Archbishop said: The true reason for Father Grande’s death was his prophetic
and pastoral efforts to raise the consciousness of the people throughout his
parish. Father Grande, without offending and forcing himself upon his flock in
the practice of their religion, was only slowly forming a genuine community of
faith, hope and love among them, he was making them aware of their dignity as
individuals, of their basic rights as words, his was an effort toward
comprehensive human development.
This post-Vatican Council ecclesiastical
effort is certainly not agreeable to everyone, because it awakens the
consciousness of the people. It is work that disturbs many; and to end it, it
was necessary to liquidate its proponent. In our case, Father Rutilio Grande.